During the early and mid-1960s after the Cultural Revolution, Mao and a group of radical intellectuals gradually developed a new paradigm of socialist development, radical Maoism. Institutions and people needed continually to be transformed alongside economic technical modernization. Their transformation involves a prolonged political struggle waged by a 'proletarian' Party in the process of 'continuing revolution.' This was the ideological basis of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution which exploded in 1966.