One of the challenges that faced the Chinese leadership after Mao's death in 1978 was who would be the next chairman leading China. It was Deng Xiaoping who made great efforts to advance China in the economic sector. Deng had been willing to accept the growth of a large state sector and non-state sector of the economy with non-intervention. The coexistence of a large state sector with a rapidly growing non-state sector has been the most important single element of economic system.