- Industry: Printing & publishing
- Number of terms: 1330
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Routledge is a global publisher of academic books, journals and online resources in the humanities and social sciences.
(1898 – 1993) Methodist minister and apostle of self-improvement, Peale gained wide exposure as pastor of New York City’s Marble Collegiate Reformed Church, as well as through his radio and television appearances. His Power of Positive Thinking (1952) was the forerunner of many self-help texts of the 1980s and 1990s.
Industry:Culture
(1899 – 1957) Actor and symbol. Forty years after his death he is still identified as one of Hollywood’s greatest male stars. Where Gary Cooper was reluctant to be involved, and Jimmy Stewart shy Bogart made Americans feel he might actually go bad—but was often redeemed. Scion of an upper middle-class family he was typecast in juvenile roles on Broadway before his breakthrough as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (play 1935, film 1936). Later, he defined an American anti-hero in The Maltese Falcon (1941), Casablanca (1943), To Have and to Have Not (1944), when he married co-star an Oscar.
In these films he was often paired with Lauren Bacall, Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) and The African Queen (1951), for which he received strong, interesting women.
His films and even lines have become proverbs to generations of Americans rediscovering his brooding, lonely yet gentle masculinity lovingly memorialized in Woody Allen’s Play it Again, Sam (1972).
Industry:Culture
(1899 – 1961) Nobel and Pulitzer-Prize-winning novelist, correspondent and essayist whose laconic prose with its subsumed emotions emphasizes a virile masculinity of struggle that also permeated the author’s life. Hemingway participated in—and created lasting fictional works about—lives of men in war and its aftermath (A Farewell to Arms, 1929; For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940), the lost generation abroad (The Sun Also Rises, 1926), bullfighting (Death in the Afternoon, 1932), hunting (“Snows of Kilimanjaro,” 1952) and deep-sea fishing (The Old Man and the Sea, 1952). Often on the move, Hemingway spent long periods in Paris, civil-war Spain and Cuba, as well as Key West, Florida. His dramatic death, presumably suicide, raised questions about the masculinity he represented and his adjustments.
Industry:Culture
(1899 – 1977) Nabokov combined formidable literary talent, an incisive intellect and a cosmopolitan familiarity with Western culture to produce some of the most influential fiction of the twentieth century. Born in Russia, he left the country with the rest of his family following the Bolshevik triumph and for the next several decades lived a peripatetic existence, living for periods in England, France and Germany. He arrived in the United States in 1940 and spent the next twenty years there, much of it at Cornell University as a Professor of Literature, where one of his students was a young Thomas Pynchon. While in America, Nabokov wrote what many consider to be his greatest work, Lolita (1955). A fictional account of a cultured, self-absorbed professor who falls in love with and then seduces his twelve-year-old step-daughter, the book’s frank treatment of controversial sexual material caused something of a scandal when it first appeared in the 1950s, and still makes some critics and readers uneasy. Initially the author could not find an American publisher for it. Lolita was finally published by a French press, Olympia.
Encountering Nabokov’s assured, flowing prose is somewhat akin to watching a skilled artist use a scalpel to sketch a scene into soft rock. His writing features a rare conjunction of lyrical gifts and a disciplined commitment to economy of style. In both his fictional writing and his critical essays he displayed a strong aversion to didactic or moralistic messages. While bracing, he can seem almost too hard and unsentimental at points. It is somehow appropriate that the other great love of his life, besides literature, was the collecting of butterflies.
Industry:Culture
(1899 – 1980) British-born director whose fifty-three films successfully straddled the worlds of art house and boxoffice yield. His first Hollywood production, Rebecca (1940), won the 1940 Academy Award for Best Picture. Hitchcock is famed for the control he exercised over all aspects of the film-making process, his amazing visual acumen and the haunting pervasiveness of his images in the collective unconscious. Rear Window (1954), Psycho (1960), Vertigo (1958) and The Birds (1963) indelibly altered American experiences of neighbors, showering and household pets, filling everyday America with shadows and ambiguity. His characters, similarly are perpetually poised between the mendacity of order and the truth of chaos, where guilt and innocence, obsession and deliverance, nightmare and vision are forever flip sides of the same human coin.
Industry:Culture
(1899 – 1987) Ballroom dancer, actor and singer (well, talker) who glided through decades of elegant musicals and movies with his sister Adele, long-time partner Ginger Rogers and Cyd Charisse, among others. His elegant continental styles balanced the earthier masculinity of Gene Kelly.
Industry:Culture
(1899 – 1987) Ballroom dancer, actor and singer (well, talker) who glided through decades of elegant musicals and movies with his sister Adele, long-time partner Ginger Rogers and Cyd Charisse, among others. His elegant continental styles balanced the earthier masculinity of Gene Kelly.
Industry:Culture
(1900 – 1965) Urbane intellectual and liberal Democratic candidate for the presidency. After an Ivy League education and foreign service career, Stevenson became governor of his home state of Illinois in 1948. Drafted as presidential candidate against the popular military hero Dwight Eisenhower, he was trounced in 1952 and 1956. When the Democrats regained the White House in 1960, Stevenson became Ambassador to the United Nations under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, although he was sometimes troubled by their policies. His erudite speeches, sense of politics as pedagogy and dry wit seem impossibly distant from the popularity contests and spin control of later politics.
Industry:Culture
(1900 – 1990) After study in New York City, NY and Paris (with Nadia Boulanger), Copland began a career of stylistic exploration ranging from abstract pieces to adaptations of American rhythms from jazz and folk music. He created classic anthems that recur in American public events, including themes from the ballets Billy the Kïd (1938), Rodeo (1942) and Appalachian Spring (1944), which uses old Shaker hymns. His “Fanfare for the Common Man” (1942) has also become a standard. Copland also became known as a teacher, composer for movies and writer on music, as well as one of the US’ most revered composers.
Industry:Culture
(1901 – 1961) Whether stumbling into truth and love in Capra comedies (Mr Deeds Goes to Town Goes to Town, 1936; Meet John Doe, 1941), saving America reluctantly on the battlefield (Sergeant York, 1941, Oscar), or standing alone to define justice in the West (High Noon, 1952, Oscar), Cooper stood for American myths of masculine virtues—strong, silent, reluctant to become involved, yet ultimately committed to justice and truth. A star without appearing to want the trappings, Cooper’s inter-texts made Sergeant York powerful propaganda for entry into the Second World War, perhaps also foreshadowing the apparent reluctance America overcame in global situations to follow.
Industry:Culture
