(1899 – 1961) Nobel and Pulitzer-Prize-winning novelist, correspondent and essayist whose laconic prose with its subsumed emotions emphasizes a virile masculinity of struggle that also permeated the author’s life. Hemingway participated in—and created lasting fictional works about—lives of men in war and its aftermath (A Farewell to Arms, 1929; For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940), the lost generation abroad (The Sun Also Rises, 1926), bullfighting (Death in the Afternoon, 1932), hunting (“Snows of Kilimanjaro,” 1952) and deep-sea fishing (The Old Man and the Sea, 1952). Often on the move, Hemingway spent long periods in Paris, civil-war Spain and Cuba, as well as Key West, Florida. His dramatic death, presumably suicide, raised questions about the masculinity he represented and his adjustments.